Word-aligned text for review or study.
Each word-block has the following lines:
- the Quenya word in tengwar
- the Quenya word in romanized/latinized transcription
- the lexical annotation, if any
- the matched inflection rule that produced the form
- the lemma for the form (link to its paradigm page)
- the translation of the form, from the lemma gloss
If the form is ambiguous, some lines will be missing or show
different information. Special values for the translation are:
- * = lemma not unique
- + = lemma unique, but multiple rules match
- ? = the lexical annotation leaves no match
Hovering over a word block will given the full explanation of the rule-tag listed in the block for brevity. Clicking on a Quenya word in the text, or a word block (other than on the lemma link), will blink the corresponding text word and/or word block.
1.0
Quenya eldarin ná, lambë maisinwa eldain yo atanin Endóressë.
Quenya is Elvish [language], a language familiar to elves and men in Middle-Earth.
quenya
(n)cwenya
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
Elvish
eldarin
(n)
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
an elvish (language)
ná
(v)+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) is
lambë
.0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a language
maisinwa
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
well-known
eldain
noun-dat-plur
elda (n.)
for elves
yo
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
both ... and
atanin
noun-dat-plur
atan (n.)
for Men
endóressë
?
2.0
Quenyo tengwesta linipsinwa.
Quenya grammar is complex.
quenyo
(n)cwenya
noun-gen-sing
quenya (n.)
of Elvish
tengwesta
tengwesta
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a grammar
linipsinwa
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
complex
3.0
Quettali nár enquettar, cariquettar, hraitequettar, lenquettar, ar hyanë nostaléron.
Some word are nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and [of] other kinds.
quettali
noun-nom-part
quetta (n.)
some words
nár
(v)+verb-aor2-plur
verb-aor2-plur
ná- (vt.)
(they) are
enquettar
?
cariquettar
noun-nom-plur
cariquetta (n.)
verbs
hraitequettar
?
lenquettar
lencwetta
?
ar
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
and
hyanë
(aj)
adj-ppos
hyana (aj.)
other
nostaléron
.1
noun-gen-plur
nostalë (n.)
of kinds
4.0
Quetta vista teälerya yestanyatsënen, mittandenen, mestanyatsenen, ómatailë, hya vistenen yassë taris quettalessë.
A word changes its meaning by prefixation, infixation, suffixation, vowel lengthening, or a change to where it stands in a sentence.
quetta
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a word
vista
(v)+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) changes
teälerya
poss-s3-nom-sing
teälë (n.)
his/her/its meaning
yestanyatsenen
noun-ins-sing
yestanyatsë (n.)
with a prefixion
mittandenen
.0
noun-ins-sing
mittandë (n.)
with an infixion
mestanyatsenen
noun-ins-sing
mestanyatsë (n.)
with a suffixion
ómatailë
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a vowel lengthening
hya
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
or
vistenen
noun-ins-sing
vistë (n.)
with a change
yassë
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
where [relative]
taris
verb-aor2-s3-short
tar- (vt.)
he/she/it stands
quettalessë
.0
noun-loc-sing
quettalë (n.)
at a sentence
6.0
Enquetta teä eästa, nat, hya tenna; epemman: miuë, palda, saicë.
A noun refers to a being, thing, or notion; for example: cat, bowl, hunger.
enquetta
?
teä
(v)+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) indicates
eästa
easta
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a being
nat
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a thing
hya
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
or
tenna
(n)tenna:2.1
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a notion
epemman
noun-dat-sing
epemma (n.)
for an example
miuë
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a cat
palda
(n).1
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a dish
saicë
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
hunger
8.0
I partië enquettavë vistion ilyë nótessen yo cantassen estalvë so ocombë.
The arrangement of a noun's changes [of form] in all numbers and cases we call its declension.
i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the
partië
(n)
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
an arrangement
enquettavë
?
vistion
noun-gen-plur
vistë (n.)
of changes
ilyë
.2
adj-ppos
ilya (aj.)
all (of a particular group…)
nótessen
?
yo
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
both ... and
cantassen
(n)
noun-loc-plur
canta (n.)
at shapes
estalvë
?
so
:1
pron-norm-gen
sa¹ (pn.)
of it
ocombë
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a gathering
9.0
Enquettavë nóti nár eritë, yuitë, nótima, linitë.
A noun's numbers are singular, dual, partitive, plural.
enquettavë
--
nóti
?
nár
(v)+verb-aor2-plur
verb-aor2-plur
ná- (vt.)
(they) are
eritë
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
singular
yuitë
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
dual
nótima
(v)+ima-adj-spos
ima-adj-spos
not- (vt.)
countable
linitë
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
plural
10.0
Enquettavë cantar nár estaitë, colitë, haryaitë, antaitë, ??, sastaitë, haitaitë, tucítë.
A noun's cases are nominative, genitive, possessive, dative, instrumental, locative, ablative, allative.
enquettavë
--
cantar
(n)
noun-nom-plur
canta (n.)
shapes
nár
(v)+verb-aor2-plur
verb-aor2-plur
ná- (vt.)
(they) are
estaitë
?
colitë
?
haryaitë
+
antaitë
*
sastaitë
+
haitaitë
+
tucítë
?
11.0
Epetai senwa enquetto ocombë apanta visti nelquain atta.
So a regular noun's declension displays thirty-two changes.
epetai
.0
base
= (cj.)
consequently
senwa
(aj)+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
usual
enquetto
?
ocombë
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a gathering
apanta
.3+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) displays
visti
noun-nom-plur
vistë (n.)
changes
nelquain
(cd)
base
= (cd.)
thirty
atta
(cd)
base
= (cd.)
two
12.0
Quenyo enquetta penë yalitë hya olelyaitë canta.
A quenya noun lacks a vocative or comitative case.
quenyo
(n)cwenya
noun-gen-sing
quenya (n.)
of Elvish
enquetta
--
penë
.1+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
pen- (vt.)
(one) lacks (vi/vt)?
yalitë
?
hya
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
or
olelyaitë
?
canta
(n)canta
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a shape
14.0
Cariquetta teä carda hya sendë; epemman: matë, alarya.
A verb refers to a deed or state; for example: eat, rejoice.
cariquetta
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a verb
teä
(v)+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) indicates
carda
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a deed
hya
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
or
sendë
(n)
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a state
epemman
noun-dat-sing
epemma (n.)
for an example
matë
+verb-bare
verb-bare
mat- (vt.)
to eat
alarya
(v)+verb-bare
verb-bare
= (vi.)
to be happy
15.0
Cariquetta apanta nótë, quén, lussë.
A verb shows a number, a person, a tense.
16.0
I partië cariquettavë vistion ilyë nótessen, ??, lussessen estalvë so ??.
The arrangement of a verb's changes [of form] in all numbers, persons, tenses we call its conjugation.
i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the
partië
(n)
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
an arrangement
cariquettavë
noun-pop-sing
cariquetta (n.)
a verb's
vistion
noun-gen-plur
vistë (n.)
of changes
ilyë
.2
adj-ppos
ilya (aj.)
all (of a particular group…)
nótessen
--
lussessen
noun-loc-plur
lussë (n.)
at (verb) tenses
estalvë
--
so
*
17.0
Cariquettavë nóti nár eritë, yuitë, linitë.
A verb's numbers are singular, dual, plural.
cariquettavë
noun-pop-sing
cariquetta (n.)
a verb's
nóti
--
nár
(v)+verb-aor2-plur
verb-aor2-plur
ná- (vt.)
(they) are
eritë
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
singular
yuitë
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
dual
linitë
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
plural
18.0
Cariquettavë queni nár minya, atteä, nelya.
A verb's persons are first, second, third.
cariquettavë
noun-pop-sing
cariquetta (n.)
a verb's
queni
.0
noun-nom-plur
quén/quen- (n.)
persons
nár
(v)+verb-aor2-plur
verb-aor2-plur
ná- (vt.)
(they) are
minya
(or)
base
= (or.)
first
atteä
base
= (or.)
second
nelya
(or)
?
19.0
Minya ná i quettaléo quentaro etwa tecindo, atteä ná ye hlarë etwa tengwa sa, nelya ná hyana aiquen.
First is the sentence's speaker or writer, second is who hears or reads it, third is anyone else.
minya
(or)
base
= (or.)
first
ná
(v)+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) is
i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the
quettaléo
.0
noun-gen-sing
quettalë (n.)
of a sentence
quentaro
.0+noun-nom-sing
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a speaker
etwa
(cj)
?
tecindo
+noun-nom-sing
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a writer
atteä
base
= (or.)
second
ná
(v)+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) is
ye
(pn)
pron-norm-nom
= (pn.)
who
hlarë
+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
hlar- (vt.)
(one) hears
etwa
(cj)
--
tengwa
(v)+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) reads written matter
sa
(pn):1
pron-norm-nom
= (pn.)
it
nelya
(or)
?
ná
(v)+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) is
hyana
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
other
aiquen
(pn).2
pron-norm-nom
= (pn.)
anybody
20.0
Cariquettavë lussi nár aralussë, silussë, vanwalussë, hya tulussë.
A verb's tenses are aorist, present, past, future.
cariquettavë
noun-pop-sing
cariquetta (n.)
a verb's
lussi
noun-nom-plur
lussë (n.)
(verb) tenses
nár
(v)+verb-aor2-plur
verb-aor2-plur
ná- (vt.)
(they) are
aralussë
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
an aorist
silussë
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a present tense
vanwalussë
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a past tense
hya
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
or
tulussë
(n)
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a future tense
22.0
Senyavë tecilvë quenya Feänáro tengwassenen, anahtai aryë istalvë tecë sa certainen.
Usually we write Quenya with Feanor's alphabet, though we also know how to write it with runes.
senyavë
(av)
base
= (av.)
usually
tecilvë
.0
?
quenya
(n)cwenya
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
Elvish
feänáro
feanar
noun-gen-sing
Feänar (n.)
of Feanor
tengwassenen
noun-ins-sing
tengwassë (n.)
with an alphabet
anahtai
.0
base
= (cj.)
although
aryë
(av)
base
= (av.)
also
istalvë
verb-aor2-p1i-long
ista-/ist- (vt.)
we know
tecë
+verb-bare
?
sa
(pn):1
pron-norm-nom
= (pn.)
it
certainen
noun-ins-plur
certa (n.)
with runes
23.0
Patacar yuhtar tengwar; þennë ómar yuhtar ómatehtar or sanë tengwar.
Consonants use tengwar; short vowels use vowel-marks above those tengwar.
patacar
noun-nom-plur
pataca (n.)
consonants
yuhtar
.0
verb-aor2-plur
yuhta- (vt.)
(they) use
tengwar
(n)
noun-nom-plur
tengwa (n.)
(written) letters
þennë
adj-ppos
þenna (aj.)
short
ómar
(n).2
noun-nom-plur
óma (n.)
vowels
yuhtar
.0
verb-aor2-plur
yuhta- (vt.)
(they) use
ómatehtar
noun-nom-plur
ómatehta (n.)
vowel-signs
or
base
= (pp.)
above
sanë
adj-ppos
sana (aj.)
that very thing (already…)
tengwar
(n).0
noun-nom-plur
tengwa (n.)
(written) letters
24.0
Andë ómar ar ohloni satir vérë tengwar.
Long vowels and diphthongs employ their own tengwar.
andë
(aj).0
adj-ppos
anda (aj.)
long
ómar
(n).2
noun-nom-plur
óma (n.)
vowels
ar
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
and
ohloni
noun-nom-plur
ohlon (n.)
diphthongs
satir
.1
verb-aor2-plur
sat- (vt.)
(…) appropriate to a special…
vérë
(aj).2
adj-ppos
véra (aj.)
own
tengwar
(n)
noun-nom-plur
tengwa (n.)
(written) letters
25.0
Ear hyanë tehtar, ve rinci yo unutixë; ar hyanë tengwar, ve notesseär ar puttar.
There are other marks, like hooks and under-dots; and other tengwar, like digits and stops.
eär
(v)+verb-aor2-plur
verb-aor2-plur
eä- (vi.)
(they) are
hyanë
(aj)
adj-ppos
hyana (aj.)
other
tehtar
.0
noun-nom-plur
tehta (n.)
(written) marks
ve
(pp)
base
= (pp.)
as
rinci
.2
?
yo
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
both ... and
unutixë
?
ar
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
and
hyanë
(aj)
adj-ppos
hyana (aj.)
other
tengwar
(n).0
noun-nom-plur
tengwa (n.)
(written) letters
ve
(pp)
base
= (pp.)
as
notesseär
.0
nadj-nom-plur
notesseä (aj.)
numeral ones
ar
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
and
puttar
?
—generated by quettali version 0.32.1